Health prevention from the Public Space Design. The URB_HealthS project as a knowledge transfer experience

Urban planning has formed a binomial with health since its origins as a discipline. The demands derived from the welfare society, environmental sustainability and the health circumstances of COVID-19 testify to the need to update this relationship. The aim of the URB_HealthS project is to study the ways of endorsing health in the contemporary city through the urban design of public space. A knowledge transfer model between the academy and the local society in the field of urban health and public space has been defined, whose theoretical structure and implementation in three European localities is presented.

IMMUNE SYSTEM PROFILE and CYTOKINE LEVELS of SARS-CoV-2 in PREGNANCY and NEWBORNS

Background: Knowledge about SARS-CoV2 infection in pregnancy and exposed newborns is deficient. We performed a longitudinal analysis of innate immune system status and determined soluble cytokines of women infected with SARS-CoV2 during pregnancy and their newborns Methods: Women with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection (RT-PCR+ or SARS-CoV2 anti-IgM/IgG+) (COVID MOTHER group, CM n=29, median age of 31 years) and their SARS-CoV2 exposed uninfected newborns were recruited from Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Spain. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cord cells and plasma were collected at birth and 6 months later (n=15). The immunophenotyping of innate components (natural killer cells [NK] and monocytes) was studied on cryopreserved PBMCs and cord cells by multiparametric flow cytometry. Up to 4 soluble pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed in plasma and cord plasma by ELISA assay. CM was compared to a healthy non-SARS-CoV2 infected mothers' group matched by age (SARS-CoV2 PCR-and SARS-CoV2 anti-IgM/IgG-)(Uninfected Mothers, UM n=16) and their newborns (n=16) Results: On NK cell assays, CM show at baseline lower percentage of CD16++ subset, higher NKG2D and lower NKG2A expression on CD16++ and CD56++ subsets and reduced CD57 expression compared to UM;proportion of CD16++ subset and percentage of NKG2D reverted after 6 months(A). Regarding monocytes, CM show increased levels of CD62L and decreased CD49d expression on classical subset, elevated intermediate monocytes proportion and decreased CD40 expression on patrolling subset(B). No differences were found 6 months later. No newborn was infected by SARS-CoV2 and the phenotype analyzed on cord cells shows lower frequency of NK subsets compared with unexposed children and increased CD16++ subset after 6 months(C). In monocytes distribution, exposed children present lower frequency of total monocytes and its subsets than unexposed. Classical monocytes show significant changes at follow-up time-point(D). Increased TNFα and IL10 levels were found on CM compared to UM. Strong and direct correlations were observed between the age and IL6(E). No differences were observed in soluble cytokine levels comparing both groups of newborns Conclusion: SARS-CoV2 infection during pregnancy shows differences in activation, maturation and endothelial markers on innate immune system that could lead newborns clinical implications at birth. However, altered cell proportions and phenotypes found at SARS-CoV2 at birth time and on their exposed newborns is later reverted.